Which one of the following factors does not affect the scale of the air photographs?

Pick up the in-correct statement from the following?

If Hs is the significant wave height, then the average wave height and highest wave height respectively are given by________?

Bowditch rule is applied to________?

For the purpose of track maintenance, the number of turn out equivalent to one track km are________?

Which of the following gradients exerts maximum influence on properties of steel?