According to I.S.: 456, 1978 the thickness of reinforced concrete footing on piles at its edges, is kept less than________?

If the design speed is V kmph and deviation angle is N radians, then the total length of a valley curve in meters is given by the expression________?

Traps________?

Select the incorrect statement?

The trunk of tree left after cutting all the branches is known as________?

In a lifting machine a weight of 5 kN is lifted through 200 mm by an effort of 0.1 kN moving through 15 m. The mechanical advantage and velocity ratio of the machine are respectively________?