Explanation

Emmanuel Kant and John Locke are key figures in the development of liberalism. Kant’s ideas about perpetual peace and individual rights, and Locke’s emphasis on natural rights, individual liberty, and government by consent, form the foundation of liberal political philosophy. Realism focuses on power and conflict (associated with thinkers like Hobbes or Morgenthau), and modernism is a broader cultural or artistic movement, not directly tied to Kant or Locke. Thus, “None of these” is incorrect.