Explanation

Former President of Syria Bashar al-Assad is a Syrian former politician, military officer and dictator who served as the president of Syria from 2000 until his government was overthrown in 2024 after 13 years of civil war. Ahmed al‑Sharaa (formerly Abu Mohammed al‑Jolani), the leader of Hay’at Tahrir al‑Sham, was declared interim President on January 29, 2025. He also ratified an interim constitution on March 13, 2025, granting himself executive authority during a five-year transitional period .